AlmaLinux Web Application

How to Install LEMP Stack on AlmaLinux 9

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LEMP is a combination of free, open source software. The acronym LEMP refers to the first letters of Linux (Operating system), Nginx Server, MySQL (database software), and PHP, PERL or Python, principal components to build a viable general purpose web server.

Install Nginx Web Server

First, we will start by installing the Nginx web server. To complete the installation, use the following command:

yum install nginx -y

Output:

[root@server ~]# yum install nginx -y
AlmaLinux 9.0-beta - BaseOS                     5.9 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00
AlmaLinux 9.0-beta - AppStream                  6.9 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00
AlmaLinux 9.0-beta - Extras packages            7.3 kB/s | 3.8 kB     00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                  Arch      Version                  Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                    x86_64    1:1.20.1-9.el9.alma      appstream    594 k
Installing dependencies:
 almalinux-logos-httpd    noarch    90.4-1.el9               appstream     14 k
 nginx-filesystem         noarch    1:1.20.1-9.el9.alma      appstream     11 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  3 Packages

Once the installation is complete, enable Nginx (to start automatically upon system boot), start the web server and verify the status using the commands below.

systemctl start nginx

systemctl enable nginx

systemctl status nginx

Output:

[root@server ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-05-21 14:19:22 CEST; 15s ago
   Main PID: 1122 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 5912)
     Memory: 1.9M
        CPU: 29ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─1122 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx"
             └─1123 "nginx: worker process"

Check Nginx version

nginx -v

Output:

[root@server ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1

To make your pages available to public, you will have to edit your firewall rules to allow HTTP requests on your web server by using the following commands.

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http 

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https

firewall-cmd --reload

Output:

[root@server ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
success
[root@server ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
success
[root@server ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

Verify that the web server is running and accessible by accessing your server’s IP address.

From your browser,

http://IP_address

 We need to make user nginx as the owner of web directory. By default it’s owned by the root user.

chown nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html -R

Install MariaDB Server

MariaDB is a popular database server. The installation is simple and requires just a few steps as shown.

yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y

Output:

[root@server ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:43 ago on Sat May 21 14:17:41 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================
 Package                                  Architecture       Version                         Repository             Size
=========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mariadb                                  x86_64             3:10.5.13-1.el9                 appstream             1.6 M
 mariadb-server                           x86_64             3:10.5.13-1.el9                 appstream             9.3 M
Installing dependencies:
 checkpolicy                              x86_64             3.3-1.el9                       appstream             339 k
 libaio                                   x86_64             0.3.111-13.el9                  baseos                 23 k
 mariadb-common                           x86_64             3:10.5.13-1.el9                 appstream              27 k
 mariadb-connector-c                      x86_64             3.2.6-1.el9_0                   appstream             194 k
 mariadb-connector-c-config               noarch             3.2.6-1.el9_0                   appstream             9.7 k
 mariadb-errmsg                           x86_64             3:10.5.13-1.el9                 appstream             183 k
 mysql-selinux                            noarch             1.0.4-2.el9                     appstream              35 k
 perl-AutoLoader                          noarch             5.74-479.el9                    appstream              30 k
 perl-B                                   x86_64             1.80-479.el9                    appstream             188 k
 perl-Carp                                noarch             1.50-460.el9                    appstream              29 k
 perl-Class-Struct                        noarch             0.66-479.el9                    appstream              31 k
 perl-DBD-MariaDB                         x86_64             1.21-15.el9                     appstream             151 k
 perl-DBI                                 x86_64             1.643-9.el9                     appstream             700 k
 perl-Data-Dumper                         x86_64             2.174-462.el9                   appstream              55 k
 perl-Digest                              noarch             1.19-4.el9                      appstream              25 k

Once the installation is complete, enable MariaDB (to start automatically upon system boot), start the MariaDB and verify the status using the commands below.

systemctl start mariadb

systemctl enable mariadb

systemctl status mariadb

Output:

[root@server ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.5 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-05-21 14:35:32 CEST; 40s ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 3748 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 11 (limit: 5912)
     Memory: 77.3M
        CPU: 594ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─3748 /usr/libexec/mariadbd --basedir=/usr

Finally, you will want to secure your MariaDB installation by issuing the following command.

mysql_secure_installation

Output:

[root@server ~]# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

Once secured, you can connect to MySQL and review the existing databases on your database server by using the following command.

mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES;" -p

Output:

[root@server ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES;" -p
Enter password:
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
[root@server ~]#

Install PHP

To Install PHP-FPM by running the following command.

yum install php php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-opcache php-gd php-xml php-mbstring -y

Output:

[root@server ~]# yum install php php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-opcache php-gd php-xml php-mbstring -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:24:55 ago on Sat May 21 14:17:41 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================
 Package                              Architecture         Version                         Repository               Size
=========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 php                                  x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream                13 k
 php-fpm                              x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream               1.6 M
 php-gd                               x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream                45 k
 php-mbstring                         x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream               475 k
 php-mysqlnd                          x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream               154 k
 php-opcache                          x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream               511 k
 php-xml                              x86_64               8.0.13-1.el9                    appstream               136 k
Installing dependencies:
 apr                                  x86_64               1.7.0-11.el9                    appstream               123 k
 apr-util                             x86_64               1.6.1-20.el9                    appstream                95 k
 apr-util-bdb                         x86_64               1.6.1-20.el9                    appstream                13 k
 dejavu-sans-fonts                    noarch               2.37-18.el9                     baseos                  1.3 M
 fontconfig                           x86_64               2.13.94-2.el9                   appstream               272 k
 fonts-filesystem                     noarch               1:2.0.5-7.el9.1                 baseos                  9.0 k
 freetype                             x86_64               2.10.4-6.el9                    baseos                  387 k

Once the installation is complete, enable php-fpm (to start automatically upon system boot), start the php-fpm and verify the status using the commands below.

systemctl start php-fpm

systemctl enable php-fpm

systemctl status php-fpm

Output:

[root@server ~]# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-05-21 14:46:44 CEST; 13s ago
   Main PID: 4722 (php-fpm)
     Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 5912)
     Memory: 12.5M
        CPU: 87ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
             ├─4722 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
             ├─4723 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─4724 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─4725 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─4726 "php-fpm: pool www"
             └─4727 "php-fpm: pool www"

By default, PHP-FPM runs as the apache user. Since we are using Nginx web server, we need to change following line.

vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

user = apache
group = apache

Change them to

user = nginx
group = nginx

Once changed, need to reload php-fpm

systemctl reload php-fpm

Test your PHP, by creating a simple info.php file with a phinfo() in it. The file should be placed in the directory root for your web server, which is /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php.

To create the file use:

echo "<?php phpinfo() ?>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php

Restart the Nginx and PHP-FPM.

systemctl restart nginx php-fpm

Now again, access http://localhost/info.php or http://yourserver-ip-address/info.php. You should see a page similar to below one.

Done!

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