Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) Installation On Oracle Linux 8 (OL8)

Download Software

Download the Oracle software from OTN or MOS depending on your support status.

• OTN: Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) Software (64-bit).
• edelivery: Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) Software (64-bit)

Unpack Files

Unzip the files.

unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

You should now have a single directory called “database” containing installation files.

Hosts File

The “/etc/hosts” file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

For example.

127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.0.215   ol8.localdomain  ol8

Set the correct hostname in the “/etc/hostname” file.

ol8.localdomain

Oracle Installation Prerequisites

Perform either the Automatic Setup or the Manual Setup to complete the basic prerequisites. The Additional Setup is required for all installations.

Automatic Setup

At the time of writing there isn’t a preinstall package from 12.1, but we can use the 19c preinstall package.

If you plan to use the “oracle-database-preinstall-19c” package to perform all your prerequisite setup, issue the following command.

# yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-19c

It is probably worth doing a full update as well, but this is not strictly speaking necessary.

# yum update -y

It’s worth running the all the YUM commands listed in the manual setup section. Depending on the OS package groups you have selected, some additional packages might also be needed.

Manual Setup

If you have not used the “oracle-database-preinstall-19c” package to perform all prerequisites, you will need to manually perform the following setup tasks.

Add the following lines to the “/etc/sysctl.conf” file, or in a file called “/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf”.

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on which file you edited.

/sbin/sysctl -p
# Or
/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf

Add the following lines to a file called “/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf” file.

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

The following packages are listed as required, including the 32-bit version of some of the packages. Many of the packages should be installed already.

yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel.i686 -y

Create the new groups and users.

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
#groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
#groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
#groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
#groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
#groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
#groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

Uncomment the extra groups you require.

Additional Setup

The following steps must be performed, whether you did the manual or automatic setup.

Set the password for the “oracle” user.

passwd oracle

Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the “/etc/selinux/config” file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.

SELINUX=permissive

Once the change is complete, restart the server or run the following command.

# setenforce Permissive

If you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable or configure it, as shown here. To disable it, do the following.

# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

Putting mount points directly under root without mounting separate disks to them is typically a bad idea. It’s done here for simplicity, but for a real installation “/” storage should be reserved for the OS.

Unless you are working from the console, or using SSH tunnelling, login as root and issue the following command.

xhost +<machine-name>

The scripts are created using the cat command, with all the “$” characters escaped. If you want to manually create these files, rather than using the cat command, remember to remove the “\” characters before the “$” characters.

Create a “scripts” directory.

mkdir /home/oracle/scripts

Create an environment file called “setEnv.sh“. The “$” characters are escaped using “\”. If you are not creating the file with the cat command, you will need to remove the escape characters.

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\\$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol8-121.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\\$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\\$PATH
export PATH=\\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\\$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=\\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
EOF

Add a reference to the “setEnv.sh” file at the end of the “/home/oracle/.bash_profile” file.

echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

Create a “start_all.sh” and “stop_all.sh” script that can be called from a startup/shutdown service. Make sure the ownership and permissions are correct.

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbstart \\$ORACLE_HOME
EOF

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbshut \\$ORACLE_HOME
EOF

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts
chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh

Once the installation is complete and you’ve edited the “/etc/oratab”, you should be able to start/stop the database with the following scripts run from the “oracle” user.

~/scripts/start_all.sh
~/scripts/stop_all.sh

You can see how to create a Linux service to automatically start/stop the database here.

Installation

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Switch to the directoy with the installation media, unzip it and start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing one of the following commands. The interactive mode will display GUI installer screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will install the software without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line. We need to use the CV_ASSUME_DISTID environment variable to fake the OS for the installer.

# Unzip software.
cd /u01/software
unzip -oq "linuxamd64_12102_database_*of2.zip"

# Fake Oracle Linux 7.
export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.6

# Interactive mode.
./runInstaller

# Silent mode.
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent                        \\
    -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp               \\
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                                    \\
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}                                         \\
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                                   \\
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY}                                        \\
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB                                                \\
    ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}                                                 \\
    ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}                                                 \\
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                                        \\
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba                                          \\
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba                                    \\
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \\
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \\
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba                                       \\
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false                                 \\
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Run the root scripts when prompted.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
        2. /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

You are now ready to create a database, but it’s better to patch the installation first if you have access to Oracle Support.

Database Creation

You create a database using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). The interactive mode will display GUI screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will create the database without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line.

# Start the listener.
lsnrctl start

# Interactive mode.
dbca

# Silent mode.
dbca -silent -createDatabase                                                   \\
     -templateName General_Purpose.dbc                                         \\
     -gdbname ${ORACLE_SID} -sid  ${ORACLE_SID} -responseFile NO_VALUE         \\
     -characterSet AL32UTF8                                                    \\
     -sysPassword SysPassword1                                                 \\
     -systemPassword SysPassword1                                              \\
     -createAsContainerDatabase true                                           \\
     -numberOfPDBs 1                                                           \\
     -pdbName ${PDB_NAME}                                                      \\
     -pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1                                            \\
     -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE                                                \\
     -memoryMgmtType auto_sga                                                  \\
     -totalMemory 2000                                                         \\
     -storageType FS                                                           \\
     -datafileDestination "${DATA_DIR}"                                        \\
     -redoLogFileSize 50                                                       \\
     -emConfiguration NONE                                                     \\
     -ignorePreReqs

Post Installation

Edit the “/etc/oratab” file setting the restart flag for each instance to ‘Y’.

cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1:Y